4.1 Consolidation principles

Capital consolidation

The capital consolidation is carried out according to the requirements of IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” on the basis of a consistent consolidation model for all entities that identifies control as the single basis for verifying the consolidation requirement, irrespective of whether control is substantiated in company law, contractually or economically. Group companies are consolidated from the point in time when Hannover Re gains control over them. Control exists if Hannover Re directly or indirectly has decision-making power over a Group company on the basis of voting rights or other rights, if it has exposure or rights to positive and negative variable returns from its involvement with the Group company and if it can use its power to influence these returns. All of these criteria must be met. Other circumstances may also give rise to control, for example the existence of a principal-agent relationship. In this case a party outside the Group with decision-making powers (agent) acts for Hannover Re, but does not control the company since it merely exercises decision-making powers that have been delegated by Hannover Re (principal). These principles are also applied to structured entities, on which further information is provided in section 4.2 “Consolidated companies and complete list of shareholdings”. Group companies are consolidated until the Hannover Re Group loses control over them. The accounting policies of Group companies are adjusted, where necessary, in order to ensure consistent application of the Hannover Re Group’s accounting policies.

The capital consolidation is based on the acquisition method. In the context of the acquisition method the acquisition costs, measured at the fair value of the consideration rendered by the parent company on the acquisition date, are netted with the proportionate shareholders’ equity of the subsidiary at the time when it is first included in the consolidated financial statement after the revaluation of all assets and liabilities. After recognition of all acquired intangible assets that in accordance with IFRS 3 “Business Combinations” are to be accounted for separately from goodwill, the difference between the revalued shareholders’ equity of the subsidiary and the purchase price is recognised as goodwill. Under IFRS 3 scheduled amortisation is not taken on goodwill. Instead, impairment is taken where necessary on the basis of annual impairment tests. Immaterial and negative goodwill are recognised in the statement of income in the year of their occurrence. Costs associated with acquisition are expensed.

Companies over which Hannover Re is able to exercise a significant influence are consolidated as associated companies using the equity method of accounting. We therefore measure investments in associated companies with the proportion of the shareholders’ equity attributable to the Group. According to the proportionate interest method required by IAS 28 “Investments in Associates”, the goodwill attributable to associated companies is recognised together with the investments in associated companies. The share of an associated company’s year-end profit or loss relating to the Group is included in the income from investments and shown separately in the consolidated statement of income. Shareholders’ equity and profit or loss are taken from the associated company’s latest available financial statement. A significant influence is presumed to exist if a company belonging to the Hannover Re Group directly or indirectly holds at least 20% – but no more than 50% – of the voting rights. We also derive evidence of significant influence over an associated company from representation on a governing body of such company, participation in its policy-making processes – e. g. with respect to dividends or other distributions –, the existence of material inter-company transactions, the possibility of interchanging managerial personnel or the provision of key technical information for the company. Further particulars on companies consolidated using the equity method of accounting are provided in section 6.1 “Investments under own management” under “Associated companies”.

Only subsidiaries which are of minor importance – both individually and in their entirety – for the net assets, financial position and results of operations of the Hannover Re Group are exempted from consolidation. Hannover Re assesses whether a subsidiary is of minor importance on the basis of the company’s total assets and net income relative to the corresponding values for the Group as a whole on average over the last three years. For this reason 14 (19) companies at home and abroad were not consolidated in the year under review. A further 4 (5) individual companies as well as 2 (2) subgroup accounts with altogether 17 (13) individual companies were not included at equity in the consolidated financial statement for the same reason. The business object of these altogether 35 (37) companies is for the most part the rendering of services for reinsurance companies within the Group.

Consolidation of business transactions within the Group

Receivables and liabilities between the companies included in the consolidated financial statement were offset against each other. Profits and expenses from business transactions within the Group were also eliminated. Transactions between a disposal group and the continuing operations of the Group were similarly eliminated in accordance with IFRS 10.